Stranica 98 [98]
76 THE GROWTH OF THE CITY
/
encroaches eastwards on the former meeting-place of the citizens.
The Watling Street could no longer pass by that way, and the road to
Newgate now ran through Cheap. There was no thoroughfare through
St. Paul’s Churchyard, the gates at either end being only opened when
the king came in or went
out. All meaner folk had
to find their way to Lud¬
gate by Carter Lane and
Broadway, and even the
wall was here diverted
from its old direct line
from Ludgate to the
Thames by an angle con¬
trived to take in the great
house and church of the
Black Friars. The friars
2a)
had covered the sites of
the old castles of Montfit¬
chet and Baynard, while a
oe AAA
new house, called Bay¬
nard’s Castle, had been
built farther east, and was
in the reign of Edward IV
the residence of the king s
SMITHFIELD
mother.
The suburbs had considerably increased, but were all, as far as
Holborn Bars, Temple Bar, and other exterior defences, within the city
jurisdiction. The aspect of the people had also greatly changed. The
muffling necessary in the thirteenth century had given place to more
elegant costumes, especially indoors, where improved masonry and