Stranica 219 [219]
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15th. Wages of blacksmiths, masons and car¬
penters are very high.
16th, Wages of common laborers: $130 per
annum; per winter month, from $8 to $13; per
summer month, $12 to $16; for harvest work, per
day, 5s. and boarded. Women, for house work per
week, 5s.; women, for spinning, 5s. to 6s. per week.
17th, Price of mowing grass for hay, 2s. 6d. per
acre, and boarded ; reaping wheat, 5s. per acre, and
boarded ; cradling grain, 2s. 6d. per acre, and
boarded.
18th. Cost of clearing and fencing: A given piece
of woodland, say five acres, from $13 to $15 per
acre. It may be well to observe here that new land
in general does not require ploughing, but simply
harrowing for the first crop.
19th, Price of a good work horse, 4 years old,
from $50 to $70; a pair or yoke of oxen, 5 years old,
from $70 to $80; a good cow, from $20 to $25;
sheep, $2 to $3 per head.
zoth, Quantity of wool yielded from one sheep,
from 2 to 5 lbs. Average price of wool: Ordinary
quality, 25.; superior, 2s. 6¢ per pound.
21st. Time of turning out beasts to pasture:
Young cattle are generally turned into the woods
about the 2oth of April, as also cows, but if the
spring is backward, it is necessary to feed thema
week or two longer. Horses and working cattle or
oxen are kept up till the ploughing season is over
for the spring crops. They are generally taken to
stable or yard some time in November, according as
the season is.
22nd. Ordinary time of sleighing season: The
commencement much depends on the forwardness
of the winter, but generally begins about tlie zoth
of December, and ends about the 2oth of March.
This mode of travelling is both pleasant and expe¬
ditious, and of the greatest utility for conveying
timber and heavy loads. Ploughing in the spring
commences about 2oth April,
23rd. Time of sowing wheat in the fall: from
the 25th of August to the 15th of October—the
earlier the better. For spring wheat and rye, the
ground being previously ploughed in the fall, it is
sown to most advantage by harrowing the seed in
as early as possible, say from the 15th to goth of
April. Usual time of reaping: generally from the
zoth of July to the middle of August. Barley, oats,
and pease are cultivated with great success; the
same rules for spring wheat are also applicable to
these grains.
24th. Quantity of wheat to sow an acre of ground :
one and one-quarter bushels if sown early—if later,
a peck is generally added. Twenty-five to thirty
bushels may be considered as the average yield,
——— = =
although many have been the instances of a much
greater quantity, especially in early sowings and
faithful culture.
25th. One cow will produce 150 lbs. of cheese and
80 lbs. of butter annually, and a greater quantity if
highly fed. Average price of cheese, 82; butter,
Is. 3d. currency per pound. We cannot confine
ourselves to answer as to the age of an ox, or the
quantity of pasture ground, but experience has
shown us that if a full grown working ox is turned
out in the wilderness in the spring, in the following
fall he will weigh from 800 to 1,200, and produce
about 60 lbs. rough tallow,
26th. Ordinary course of cropping new land:
Experience has shown it is the best way to take
but one crop of wheat off, and seed the ground
down to grass, which will produce abundantly
for five or six years, by which time the roots are
so far rotten that it may be ploughed and fallowed
to good advantage for wheat, and afterwards suit¬
able for other grains for several years, requiring no
manure, except it is required to plant Indian corn,
in which case manure is necessary. The last men¬
tioned grain does extraordinary well on new land
the first crop, and very well the second crop. Pota¬
toes and turnips are raised in great abundance also
on new land. Of the former, new ground will yield
from 30 to 40 bushels to one bushel planting. In
this Township, 600 bushels of turnips were raised
on two acres of new ground. The natural advan¬
tages of the country are great in point of helps, for
any of the above mentioned waters. Reproduction
is understood, but not as yet much practiced.
27th. It is difficult to let lands to advantage with¬
out stocking it. If stocked the produce is equally
divided.
28th. Price of wildlands: At firstsettlement, 25. 62.
per acre, and some was sold for less; in eight or ten
years it rose to 5s. per acre ; in a few more years to
tos., and so to 15s. per acre. Lands on the river are
now worth 205. per acre. Those in the 2nd and 3rd
ranges, tos.; further back, 5s., provided no settle¬
ment is near.
29th. The quantity of land now for sale in this
Township is very great, as but few of the back lands
are settled, except in the rear of the Township. It
is supposed, on good grounds, that there may be up¬
wards of twenty thousand acres for sale.
30th. State of public roads: Formerly our roads
were almost impassable. It is about four years ago
the government took the matter into consideration
and granted money for laying out and repairing the
good purposes. In this township the money granted
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