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HIsTORiIC GARDENS OF VIEGINTA
fence, seven or eight feet high, with each paling sharpened like an
arrowhead. The entire fence was whitewashed every spring, when
the walks were freshly filled with tan-bark. I have never seen tan¬
bark used for this purpose anywhere else, but even months later it
made an elastic, quickly-drained path for pedestrians when mud
was ankle deep on the country roads.
The garden sloped gently towards the east and towards the
house. The upper half was laid out in formal beds with a broad
walk dividing it in equal parts. Down the center of this walk were
apple trees, whose branches spread out on either side forming a
long, shady aisle in the heat of summer. This was broken only
in the center by an arbor of seven sister roses—red, pink, and white
roses borne on the same cluster. From this arbor four other walks
radiated to the corner beds of turf which seemed to rivet the plan .
together. Groups of cedar trees, whose branches swept the grass,
were planted diagonally opposite in these corner beds. To balance
them was a gigantic blackheart cherry tree, and a service berry tree.
Besides these corner beds there were eight larger beds, formed
by the intersection of the walks, each one grass-edged and bordered
by flowers. The flower borders were not supposed to interfere
with the good, homely vegetables for which the beds were designed,
and which were laboriously spaded and raked every spring.
Perhaps in the days before 1861, when the trees and shrubs
were pruned carefully and when the servants were sufficient in
number to furnish competent gardeners, the vegetables were able
to hold their own against the encroachment of the flowers: which
bordered their domain. But since that time lilies of the valley
have spread in many thick mats; lilacs and snowballs have waved
their plumes far over the potatoes; tulips and jonquils have as¬
sociated freely with the onions, while white violets have spread
under the cedar trees, over the grass and among the currant bushes,
until they appear, when in full bloom, like a light fall of snow, and
the passing breeze comes laden with their perfume. In the seven¬
ties pink hyacinths grew thickly along the borders, and often in the
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