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— page six 8 which the dying French philosopher and writer Smmanuel Mounier put dow in his last article entitled "Fidelity" (“Esprit~, Febryary 1950, pp.179-180): Our fight for the human person does not exclude the duty we have to avoid, by strong patience and desinterested understanding, tnat a break should occur between communism and the rest of the nations Today, just as much as in the past, we have to watch over this coherence, as communism is still the large majority of the proletariate ess Nounier's numeroug disciples -—- all “Christian intellectuals* - follow this line and even gone farther tha} their master's teachinge These so-called progressist attitudes of close cooperation with, the left on social issues are clearly expressed in the utterances of “Monde Uuvrier", the review of the extreme wing and minority group within the GPTC, the Christian Labor Union. {hey are contained, in a more subtle and less persistent way, in certain columms of “Masses @uyvixuxes Vuvrieres"® and "Terre Humaine“, tvo Christian reviews, of which the first ip connected with a Catholic workers! liovement, the second with Etienne Borne's left-wing MRPs ouch publications - whether press al or intermittently progressist - are a stab in the back directa Fs those Christian workers and Labor leaders who courageously oppose marxism in the industrial workd. French Christians and intellectual Leaders in the pacifist front: the neutroalistss The Fajon report of the French Communist rarty sSecretariate, as summarized above, has expressed self-criticism at its "sectarian" attitudee It has pledged itself to more dynamic initiative in a great peace front ke oppo ing American imperialism ani varmongerse Intensified propaganda, in view of that decisive and immediate goal, has lead to a strong re-enforcement of the neutralist atmosphere in France: Christian thinkers and fervent patriots, .ho hd upheld the ideals of peace and of French independence, found themselves suddenly to be all-out allies of communists on many vital issues in public life. This general disconcert appeared Very openly in a press campaign of which Monsignor Ancel, Auxiliary Bishop of Lyon, had become the unwilling byt unfortunate hero. In Denember 1951 and January 1952, he had published in the review "L"Essor" of St.ktienne, a series of articles presenting the following thesis: total condemmatic of any preventive war, of any “liberating" invasion or revolution and of any participation in such action; absolute justification and even binding duty to lead a defensive war in case of unprovoked agressione Unfortunately, the practical examples used to explain the theory, were chosen by its author from the present international situation and were presented in an extremely simplified, almost naiv ways This fact opened the door to more confusion and heated debate than to the clarification which the bishop had hoped forfle Such unexpected opportunity of creating further confusion among Catholics, was not lost 62,